Breast Imaging (Mammography & Ultrasound)

General Imaging

Breast Imaging

Regular mammograms can help save lives by identifying breast cancer at its earliest and most treatable stage, often long before it can be felt.

Screening mammography is used as a preventative tool to detect breast cancer at an early stage in women without symptoms or any known concerns. They are performed at routine intervals depending on age and other risk factors.

Diagnostic mammography is used to evaluate a specific concern or abnormality identified in the breast. This can be prompted by the patient or doctor noticing a change or abnormality in the breast, or as a follow up to a prior set of imaging.

In addition to mammography the breast health program at Beam Radiology also includes a variety of other services including automated breast ultrasound, diagnostic breast ultrasound, breast biopsy, breast cyst aspiration, and breast MRI (coming soon).

Why Screen?

75% of women who develop cancer have no family history of breast cancer.

Of those women dying of breast cancer, 75% had no regular screening.

Radiation risk: In 100,000 patients, 200 will develop breast cancer. Fewer than 6 will develop a radiation related breast cancer – and the mammogram will likely detect that cancer.

In Alberta women aged 45 – 74 can self refer for screening mammogram. They do not need a referral or requisition.

Types of Breast Imaging and Services: 

What is Mammography?

Mammography is an essential tool for the early detection of breast cancer. Regular mammograms can help save lives by identifying breast cancer at its earliest and most treatable stage, often long before it can be felt.

Mammography is a special type of medical imaging that is used to detect and diagnose breast diseases, including breast cancer. It involves taking low-dose X-ray images of the breasts to look for any abnormalities or changes in the breast tissue even before a patient or doctor can feel a lump.

Digital Breast Tomosynthesis (DBT), also known as 3D mammography, is an advanced imaging technique that provides a three-dimensional view of the breast. It is used in combination with traditional 2D mammography to aid in the detection and diagnosis of breast cancer. Beam Radiology offers this as a compliment to the mammographic imaging.

The addition of DBT to mammography has been shown to improve the accuracy of breast cancer detection, especially in women with dense breast tissue. Dense breast tissue can make it more challenging to detect cancers with conventional mammography alone, as the dense tissue can mask or hide abnormalities. DBT helps to overcome this limitation by providing clearer and more detailed images of the breast.

Why is Mammography Useful in Breast Health?

Mammography is important because it can help detect breast cancer at an early stage, when the treatment is most effective, and the prognosis is best. Regular mammograms can help identify small tumors or changes in breast tissue that may not be felt during a physical exam. By detecting breast cancer earlier, women have more treatment options available to them, often including options that are less aggressive, and a higher chance of successful treatment outcomes.

Who Should Have a Mammogram ?

A Screening mammogram is indicated for individuals with no current symptoms, concerns, or apparent breast abnormality.

The Canadian Association of Radiologists (CAR) recommends that women between the ages of 40 and 74 undergo regular mammograms. However, the timing and frequency of mammograms may vary depending on an individual’s risk factors, such as family history of breast cancer or certain genetic mutations. Women at higher risk may be advised to start mammograms at an earlier age or have them more frequently.

For more information about Canadian Breast Health:

https://cancer.ca/en/cancer-information/cancer-types/breast/screening

What Can I Expect During my Exam?

You will be asked to change into a gown and the technologist will guide you in how to best position your body within the scanner.

Your breast is compressed between two plates, and multiple images are taken as the tube moves in an arc over the breast. This is done one breast at a time. The entire exam only takes a few moments. With the brand new Mammogram unit at Beam, each compression last ONLY 3-5 seconds! This is much faster than the typical mammogram.

Mammography is a safe procedure, that uses low-dose radiation, and has been ordered by your care -provider with your health care in mind.

The compression of the breasts during the exam may cause temporary discomfort, but the process is quick, and the discomfort is short-lived. If you experience breast tenderness, please book your mammogram in the week following your period.

What Happens With my Results?

After the radiologist has received the mammogram images, they will review and compile a report for your referring care provider. This is typically received in 1-4 days from the time of the appointment. Included in the report for the referrer will be relevant findings and the corresponding recommendations according to the current guidelines.

It is NOT uncommon to have a patient be called back for additional mammogram views or an ultrasound, based on the first mammogram. This is not something that should cause panic as it is very common, and a sign that the radiologist wants the most accurate and complete information possible. Sometimes, this need for more information means a different angle or a different means (ultrasound) to visualize the area. We do not wish to cause worry, but we are completely committed to offering the best possible screening available. In Canada less than 10% of women who are called back for additional imaging have breast cancer.

What is Mammography?

Mammography is an essential tool for the early detection of breast cancer. Regular mammograms can help save lives by identifying breast cancer at its earliest and most treatable stage.

Mammography is a special type of medical imaging that is used to detect and diagnose breast diseases, including breast cancer. It involves taking low-dose X-ray images of the breasts to look for any abnormalities or changes in the breast tissue that can be apparent even before a patient or doctor can feel a lump.

Why is Mammography Useful in Breast Health?

Mammography is important because it can help detect breast cancer at an early stage, when treatment is most effective, and the prognosis is best. Regular mammograms can help identify small tumors or changes in breast tissue that may not be felt during a physical exam. By detecting breast cancer early, women have more treatment options available to them and a higher chance of successful treatment outcomes.

Who Should Have a Diagnostic Mammogram ?

Diagnostic mammography is performed when there is a specific concern or abnormality identified in the breast. It is used to evaluate an identified area of concern or to follow-up on an abnormal finding seen on a screening mammogram. Additional views of the breast may be taken from different angles or magnified views may be obtained to provide a more detailed evaluation.

Some reasons that a diagnostic mammogram may be requested:

  • There is a palpable lump (a lump you can feel)
  • There are new breast symptoms (ex. Nipple discharge, nipple inversion, skin dimpling, skin thickening, change in size or shape)
  • To evaluate breast implants
  • There was a finding on a screening mammogram

What Can I Expect During my Exam?

You will be asked to change into a gown and the technologist will guide you in how to best position your body within the scanner.

Your breast is compressed between two plates, and multiple images are taken as the X-ray tube moves in an arc over the breast. This is done one breast at a time. The entire exam only take a few moments.

Mammography is a safe procedure, that uses low-dose radiation, and has been ordered by your care -provider.

The compression of the breasts during the exam may cause temporary discomfort, but the process is quick (only 3-5 seconds per compression typically), and the discomfort is short-lived. If you experience breast tenderness, and you are premenopausal, it is advisable to book your mammogram 7-10 days after your period, at a time with minimal sensitivity.

What Happens With my Results?

After the radiologist has received the mammogram images, they will review and compile a report for your referring care provider. This is typically received in 1-4 days from the time of the appointment. Included in the report for the referrer will be relevant findings and the corresponding recommendations according to current guidelines.

What is Automated Whole Breast Ultrasound?

Automated whole breast ultrasound, also known as ABUS, is a specialized imaging technique used in addition to mammography for breast cancer screening. It involves the use of an automated ultrasound device that produces detailed images of the entire breast using sound waves. Breast ultrasound does not use radiation.

Why is Automated Whole Breast Ultrasound useful in Breast Health?

ABUS is particularly useful in women with dense breast tissue, as dense tissue can make it more challenging to detect abnormalities or lesions on mammograms. In these cases, ABUS can provide additional information and improve the detection of breast cancer.

While ABUS can provide valuable information, it is important to note that it is not a replacement for mammography. Mammography remains the mainstay of breast cancer screening, and ABUS is used as an adjunct to mammography in specific cases. It is important for women to discuss their individual risk factors and screening recommendations with their healthcare provider to determine if ABUS is appropriate for them.

Who Should have Automated Whole Breast Ultrasound?

ABUS is particularly useful for women classified as having dense breast tissue on mammogram. This is not something that can be determined by simply looking at the breast.

When a person has dense breast tissue it makes the mammogram more difficult to read, and therefore less sensitive to small changes or abnormalities.

ABUS can work in conjunction with mammogram to provide a robust breast imaging protocol for dense breasts.

What Can I Expect During my Exam?

You will be asked to change into a gown from the waist up. The technologist will assist you in getting positioned with a pillow, lying down on the ultrasound bed. During an ABUS exam the ultrasound transducer will be using high frequency sound waves to generate images of the breast tissue from multiple angles. This is very similar to a classic handheld ultrasound experience. These images are then processed to create a three-dimensional image of the breast.

ABUS is a non-invasive and painless procedure that does not involve radiation. The exam typically takes about 15 to 30 minutes to complete, and the results are reviewed by a radiologist.

What Happens With my Results?

After the radiologist has received the images, they will review and compile a report for your referring care provider. This is typically received in 1-4 days from the time of the appointment. Included in the report for the referrer will be relevant findings and the corresponding recommendations according to the current guidelines.

What is Diagnostic Breast Ultrasound?

Diagnostic breast ultrasound is an ultrasound of the breast tissue used to investigate a specific concern, new breast symptom, or as a supplement to another screening exam such as mammography. The ultrasound provides imaging of the internal breast tissue by using a transducer and ultrasound gel, just like an ultrasound of a different part of the body. This is a painless exam and does not use radiation.

Why is Diagnostic Breast Ultrasound useful in Breast Health?

Ultrasound is particularly useful in women with dense breast tissue, as dense tissue can make it more challenging to detect abnormalities or lesions on mammograms. Ultrasound is particularly good at characterizing cysts, simple cysts in the breast are a common and benign finding often felt as a lump.

While ultrasound can provide valuable information, it is important to note that it is not a replacement for mammography. Mammography remains the mainstay of breast cancer screening, and ultrasound is used as an adjunct to mammography in specific cases.

What Can I Expect During my Exam?

You will be asked to change into a gown from the waist up. The ultrasound technologist will assist you in getting positioned with a pillow, lying down on the ultrasound bed.

During a breast ultrasound the transducer (camera) will be using high frequency sound waves to generate images of the breast tissue, and sometimes the tissue in the armpit (axilla).
Breast ultrasound is a non-invasive and painless exam that does not involve radiation. The exam typically takes about 15-30 minutes per breast to complete, and the results are reviewed by a radiologist.

What Happens With my Results?

After the radiologist has received the images, they will review and compile a report for your referring care provider. This is typically received in 1-4 days from the time of the appointment. Included in the report for the referrer will be relevant findings and the corresponding recommendations according to current guidelines.

What is Breast Biopsy?

Biopsy is a type of procedure that removes a small amount of a tissue or fluid from a nodule in order to analyze its composition. Breast biopsy is performed under imaging guidance to ensure accuracy when taking a sample. The sample is then sent to a laboratory to be processed and characterized.

What is a Breast Biopsy Used For?

Breast biopsy is a medical procedure used to diagnose breast abnormalities or concerns, such as lumps or suspicious findings on a mammogram or ultrasound. It involves the removal of a small sample of breast tissue for examination under a microscope.

There are different types of breast biopsy procedures, including:

1. Fine-needle aspiration (FNA) biopsy: A very thin needle is used to extract fluid or cells from a lump or cyst in the breast.

2. Core needle biopsy: A slightly larger needle is used to remove a cylindrical sample, or core, of breast tissue, including both the interior and surrounding tissue.

Breast biopsies are typically performed under local anesthesia to minimize discomfort. The procedure may be guided by ultrasound, or mammography to ensure accurate and precise sampling of the suspicious area.

Once the tissue samples are obtained, they are sent to a pathologist who examines them under a microscope to determine if the cells are cancerous or benign. The results of the biopsy can help guide further treatment decisions and ensure appropriate management of the breast abnormality.

Overall, breast biopsy is an important procedure for diagnosing breast abnormalities and determining whether they are cancerous or non-cancerous. It allows for accurate and targeted examination of the breast tissue to provide a definitive diagnosis and inform an appropriate treatment plan.

 

What Can I Expect From the Procedure?

Before the Procedure:

  • Inform the nursing staff or radiologist if you have a bleeding disorder, or have had an adverse reaction to anesthetic in the past
  • Take your regular medications as usual
  • Eat and drink as usual. We do not recommend fasting prior to your appointment
  • Wear a 2-piece outfit to allow for a more comfortable experience (you will be asked to change into a gown from the waist up)
  • Arrange for a driver to transport you from the clinic following the biopsy (recommended)

 

During the Procedure:
During an ultrasound-guided breast biopsy or cyst aspiration, you will lie on your back on an examination table. The radiologist or sonographer will apply a gel to your breast to improve the contact between the ultrasound probe and your skin. They will then use the ultrasound probe to locate the area of interest in your breast. This is called a pre-scan.

Once the area of interest is identified, the radiologist will numb the area with a local anesthetic (using a very fine needle) to minimize any discomfort. They will use the ultrasound to guide the needle into the area of interest. This helps the radiologist ensure accurate and precise targeting of the desired tissue. The needle will be used to remove tissue, fluid, or collect cells, and this sample will be sent to a laboratory to be analyzed.

You will be awake and can ask any questions you like during the biopsy. This is a straight-forward and well-tolerated procedure that plays a crucial role in diagnosing breast diseases and guiding appropriate treatment decisions. The risk of complications is very low.

After the Procedure:
After the biopsy is completed, pressure will be applied to the biopsy site to minimize bleeding. A small bandage or dressing will be applied to cover the site.

You will be given specific instructions on how to care for the biopsy site, such as keeping it clean and dry, and avoiding strenuous activity (jogging) or heavy lifting for a 1 week following the biopsy.

You may experience some discomfort or soreness at the biopsy site, which can be relieved with over-the-counter pain medications. It is normal to have some bruising and swelling, it can appear extensive, but typically resolves within a few days. Apply ice to the area to decrease discomfort and help to minimize bruising, while avoiding heat applied directly to the area as this will increase bruising. Wearing a sports bra can provide support and comfort, as well as a way to hold the icepack against the breast.

What Happens With my Results?

The tissue sample collected during the biopsy will be sent to a laboratory for analysis. The results will be communicated to your healthcare provider, who will discuss them with you and determine the next steps based on the findings. If the biopsy reveals cancerous cells, further diagnostic tests and treatment options will be discussed with you.

What is a Cyst Aspiration?

Cyst aspiration describes using a very thin needle to puncture a cyst and remove the fluid within it, collapsing it. Cysts are non-cancerous and can be aspirated if they have gotten too large or are causing discomfort. The fluid from within can be sent for analysis if the radiologist feels that it is appropriate to do so.

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